Mining waste revegetation pumice stone
Shalaho Dina Devy
Unmul, Mining Engineering Dept.
Shalaho Dina Devy
Unmul, Mining Engineering Dept.
Abstract
Each post-mining activities, especially mining pumice resulted in ecological changes surrounding environment function and decreased terutaman chemical changes of soil, surface water, groundwater and morphological changes in physical function and topography of land. Will eventually micro-climate changes caused by biological changes in the form of habitat disturbance of flora and fauna, groundwater aquifer, wind speed, and decreased productivity due to soil with a sterile or barren. Efforts to reduce the impact of the above needs to be reclaimed and revegetasi. Besides aiming to prevent erosion, ecological changes, reduce water runoff flow velocity, reclamation and revegetasi done to keep the land so as not labile, more productive and restore the original function. The ultimate goal of reclamation and revegetasi pumice mining is expected to generate added value for the environment and creating conditions that are far better than the previous state.
Introduction
Pumice stone is a rock formed from magma acid by the volcanic eruption which took out the material into the air, then having a horizontal transport and accumulate as pyroclastic rocks. Chemical and physical properties of pumice containing oxides include SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Na2O, K2O, MgO, CaO, TiO2, SO3, and Cl, lost incandescent (Loss of Ignition) 6%, pH 5, the weight of the contents of modulus from 480 to 960 kg/cm3, infiltration of water (water absorption) 16.67%, 0.8 gr/cm3 density, transmission of voice (sound transmission) is low, the ratio of strongly press against the high load, the heat conductivity (thermal conductivity) is low, and resistance to fire up to 6 hours. Pumice Keterdapatan always associated with a series of Quaternary volcanic to Tertiary age. Endemic areas include Serang, Sukabumi, Lombok Island, and the island of Ternate. Pumice stone is used to make lightweight concrete or a low density and insulatif. Also used as an abrasive material, such as polish, a pencil eraser, exfoliating cosmetics, etc..
Pumice stone is a category C minerals that form SIPD mining permit (Surat Ijin Penambangan Daerah) issued by the Regent / Regional Head Tingat II. In batugamping mining can be done conventionally or mechanically. Conventional mining focuses on the use of manual tools such as hoes, crowbars, hammers, etc., while more major mechanical means using heavy equipment such as back hoe, bulldozer, etc.. Post-mining pumice often leave Quarry holes filled with water which resulted in Disruption of ecosystems, ecological change in the surrounding area and environmental conditions. This can be seen with the loss of protective function of land, which also resulted in the disruption of other functions. In addition, can also cause loss of biodiversity, degradation of watershed areas, changes in land forms, and release of heavy metals that can enter the aquatic environment.
To minimize the impact of that arise post-mining of pumice is then necessary arrangements post-mining land use for efficient allocation in accordance with the reclamation. Reclamation does not mean returning the form and function of land one hundred percent as early environmental hue. The activities in pelaksanaann reclamation include: Preparation of land (landscaping), erosion and sedimentation control, control of top soil / top soil, and revegetasi (investment return) or ex-mining land use for a particular purpose.